数据日期 2026-10-29 · 生成时间 2026-10-29 06:03
研究问题
Cardio–kidney–metabolic syndrome (CKMS) is a health condition characterized by overlapping pathological features, including clinical conditions such as obesity and comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, metabolic syndrome (MetS), hyperlipidemia, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) [1,2].
方法
Male Wistar rats in the weight range of 200–220 g were housed in polypropylene cages under controlled conditions, with a 12:12 h light/dark cycle and an ambient temperature maintained at 22 ± 2 °C.；Animals were randomly assigned to two groups: a control group (C) (n = 6), which received Labdiet 5001 Rodent DietTM and water ad libitum, and a CKMS group (n = 12) on a Paigen-type (high-fat) diet supplemented with an 11% sweetened beverage (SSB) (3.8% glucose:7.2% fructose) administered ad libitum, as previously described [5].；Following baseline validation, the 12 CKMS animals were randomized in a 1:1 ratio into two parallel groups (n = 6 each) for a 30-day treatment period (days 30 to 60): (1) the untreated CKMS group (n = 6), which continued the Paigen-type diet + SSB and received the vehicle (1% hydroxyethyl cellulose, HEC) by oral gavage; and (2) the combined treatment group (E+M, n = 6), which continued the diet + SSB and received empagliflozin plus metformin (12.5/850 mg/kg/day/30 days, respectively) (Jardianz Duo) suspended in 1% HEC by oral gavage.；Consequently, all…
核心结论
结论：Our findings demonstrate that the CKMS model effectively recapitulates a clinically relevant cardio–renal–metabolic state, characterized by profound metabolic disruption, hyperuricemia, hypertension, inflammation, and significant structural damage to the heart and kidneys.
局限
Given that cardio–kidney–metabolic syndrome exhibits notable sex-specific differences in pathophysiology and therapeutic responses, future studies are warranted to evaluate the efficacy of the empagliflozin and metformin combination in female animal models.；Also, future studies should incorporate direct measurements of ROS and more robust, validated oxidative stress markers, such as F2-isoprostanes, to more precisely evaluate cellular redox status.；Future studies should incorporate direct measurements of nitric oxide via electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, together with functional assessments of NO-mediated vasorelaxation, to gain deeper mechanistic insights into vascular…
对本项目的价值
★★★☆☆ 代谢轴既干预敏感性最高，也是老药新用供给最充足的来源。命中核心 线粒体；最大样本量约 60；设计 Meta 分析。
全文来源
PMC JATS 全文（正文 65,824 字符，已过标题/DOI 逐字归属校验）
原文题录
- 英文标题：Empagliflozin and Metformin Combination Therapy Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Experimental Cardio-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome.
- 期刊与标识：Int J Mol Sci · PMID 42941763 · DOI 10.3390/ijms27208988**
A 级证据分级：A 级（同行评议人体研究）
本文属人体研究证据，但需注意：观察性或小样本干预的结论不等于已证实临床获益；效应量与长期安全性仍需更大规模、更长随访的试验验证。
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