数据日期 2026-10-29 · 生成时间 2026-10-29 06:03
研究问题
Although these analyses can determine whether a given nutritional category is effective, they are less able to directly compare the relative effects of specific formulations.
方法
In addition, the reference lists of included studies and relevant systematic reviews were hand-searched to identify any potentially eligible studies that may have been missed.；First, the study design had to be a randomized controlled trial (RCT).；Second, participants had to be adults aged ≥60 years who met diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia or were considered to be at high risk of sarcopenia.；Studies that did not use these criteria were included only when the original investigators explicitly defined participants as having sarcopenia, probable sarcopenia, low muscle mass, or another high-risk condition closely related to sarcopenia.
核心结论
Pairwise Meta-Analysis] For muscle mass, pooled results from nine studies showed that, compared to control, nutritional interventions significantly improved ASMI (SMD = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.10 to 0.40, p = 0.001), with low between-study heterogeneity (I2 = 0%).；For muscle strength, pooled results from 17 studies showed that nutritional interventions significantly improved grip strength (SMD = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.15 to 0.68, p = 0.002), although between-study heterogeneity was high (I2 = 85%).；For physical performance, 11 studies showed a significant improvement in gait speed (SMD = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.46, p = 0.006, I2 = 65%), whereas pooled results from eight studies showed no statistically significant effect on 5STS (SMD = −0.31, 95% CI: −0.81 to 0.20, p = 0.23, I2 = 91%). ‖ 结论：Further adequately powered head-to-head RCTs are needed to determine their reproducibility, clinically meaningful effects, and applicability across different nutritional and rehabilitation contexts.
局限
In this context, the favorable ASMI finding indicates an increase in appendicular skeletal muscle mass, which is compatible with but does not establish skeletal muscle hypertrophy.；Pairwise meta-analyses showed substantial heterogeneity for grip strength (I2 = 85%) and 5STS (I2 = 91%) and moderate heterogeneity for gait speed (I2 = 65%).；The influence analysis provided further evidence that heterogeneity was not evenly distributed across studies.
对本项目的价值
★★★★☆ 衰弱/肌少症是少有的已有监管认可终点的老年综合征，是临床转化的最短路径。随机对照；最大样本量约 2,160。
全文来源
PMC JATS 全文（正文 69,258 字符，已过标题/DOI 逐字归属校验）
原文题录
- 英文标题：Comparative Effectiveness of Nutritional Strategies for Sarcopenia-Related Outcomes in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.
- 期刊与标识：Nutrients · PMID 42942938 · DOI 10.3390/nu18203368**
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