时间标签：数据日期 2026-10-31 · 生成时间 2026-11-01 05:30（Asia/Shanghai）｜ 检索窗口 PubMed edat 2026/10/28–2026/10/31 ｜ 情报发生日期 2026-10-31
研究问题
However, while the relationship between circulating levels of microbial metabolites and cardiovascular phenotypes is not yet fully elucidated, the causal roles of these metabolites in pathogenesis remain unclear ().；This article aims to critically examine the methodological, conceptual, and translational challenges in diet–microbiome–cardiometabolic research and to highlight future directions for generating more robust evidence on cardiometabolic risk.
方法
In a prospective cohort of 3,096 adults, long-term plant-based dietary patterns assessed using repeated FFQs explained more variation in gut microbial structure than short-term dietary patterns assessed using 3-day 24-hr recalls, although both were associated with microbial composition ().；Differences in sequencing methods, sample storage, DNA extraction, and bioinformatic pipelines may produce divergent findings from the same biological sample (, ).；In a randomized crossover feeding trial, contrasting dietary patterns produced modest species-level microbial responses but altered 105 microbial functional pathways, integrated multi-omic features were also associated with cholesterol, blood pressure, and triglyceride responses ().；In 1,368 individuals, variation in the plasma metabolome was attributable to diet, gut microbiome, and genetics to different degrees across metabolites (), highl
核心结论
Nevertheless, translating this potential into clinical or public health recommendations requires a clearer understanding of how dietary exposures, microbial functions, and host metabolic responses interact across heterogeneous populations.；Dietary preferences such as vegetarian, vegan, low-carbohydrate, or gluten-free diets can lead to significant variations in the gut microbiota (), and specific microbes may regulate nutrient availability to the host ().；Cardiometabolic diseases are associated with alterations in microbiome structure and function, and diet plays an important role in this relationship. ‖ 结论：The increasing experimental evidence suggesting that metabolites such as SCFA, TMAO, and secondary bile acids may affect host physiology and cardiometabolic health highlights the importance of evaluating not only microbial composition but also microbial function ().
局限
The heterogeneity of findings in the literature, particularly the discrepancies between fecal and circulating SCFA levels and the conflicting effects of these metabolites on host receptors, prevents a complete explanation ().；The methodological variability observed in diet-microbiota research poses a significant limitation in reliably interpreting findings and comparing the results of different studies.；Traditional diet assessment methods may not adequately capture dietary components, particularly those related to microbial metabolism (), and differences in sequencing platforms, analytical processes, and bioinformatics operations further limit inter-study comparability ().
对本项目的价值
★☆☆☆☆ 菌群是可远程部署、成本最低的干预变量，但因果性与个体化响应仍是主要瓶颈。
全文来源
PMC JATS 全文（正文 20,369 字符，已过标题/DOI 逐字归属校验）
原文题录
- 英文标题：Beyond associations: methodological and conceptual challenges in diet-microbiome research for cardiometabolic risk.
- 期刊与标识：Front Nutr · PMID 42947793 · DOI 10.3389/fnut.2026.1913324
A 级证据分级：A 级（同行评议人体研究）
本文属人体研究证据，但需注意：观察性或小样本干预的结论不等于已证实临床获益；效应量与长期安全性仍需更大规模、更长随访的试验验证。
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