时间标签：数据日期 2026-10-31 · 生成时间 2026-11-01 05:30（Asia/Shanghai）｜ 检索窗口 PubMed edat 2026/10/28–2026/10/31 ｜ 情报发生日期 2026-10-31
研究问题
This systematic review addresses this gap by synthesizing evidence from randomized controlled trials that examine dietary interventions in individuals at increased CRC risk, defined as those with adenomatous or precancerous polyps, colorectal adenomas, a personal or family history of adenomas or CRC, and those identified as high risk through clinical screening tools.
方法
Studies were excluded if no microbiome data were quantified or statistically analyzed; if microbiome data were only presented at baseline with no intervention response data presented for comparison; or if microbiome data were only presented at the end of the intervention without baseline data for comparison.；Six studies (, , ) used parallel-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) designs while one study () employed a randomized crossover design.
核心结论
Two studies had multiple publications discussing different microbiome outcomes () and are grouped together in .；The interventions studied were diverse ranging from dietary supplements such as ginger extract (), functional foods such as rice bran () and β-glucan-enriched bread (), whole foods such as navy beans (), enriched meals and snacks containing rice bran or whole navy bean powder (), and dietary patterns such as healthy eating or Mediterranean dietary patterns () and those that emphasize fruits, vegetables, and fiber ().；Participants included individuals with current or recently removed adenomatous polyps (, ), colorectal adenomas (), and precancerous colon or rectal polyps (). ‖ 结论：Utilizing insights from epidemiological and computational studies that highlight CRC-associated metabolic signatures could guide the testing of dietary interventions associated with specific microbial or metabolic pathways.
局限
Earlier evidence largely stems from observational studies examining associations between microbiome profiles and CRC risk, or diet and CRC risk (, , , ).；These findings underscore that increases or decreases in specific taxa cannot be interpreted uniformly without consideration of species-level heterogeneity and ecological context.；A limitation of this review is the inability to explore differences across the lifespan.
对本项目的价值
★☆☆☆☆ 菌群是可远程部署、成本最低的干预变量，但因果性与个体化响应仍是主要瓶颈。设计 systematic review；最大样本量约 5,558。
全文来源
PMC JATS 全文（正文 30,809 字符，已过标题/DOI 逐字归属校验）
原文题录
- 英文标题：A systematic review of the effects of diet on the gut microbiota in individuals at elevated risk for colorectal cancer.
- 期刊与标识：Front Nutr · PMID 42964076 · DOI 10.3389/fnut.2026.1818522
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