mTOR 与细胞外囊泡：把化学胁迫连接到生物间的生态通讯

时间标签：数据日期 2026-10-31 · 生成时间 2026-11-01 05:30（Asia/Shanghai）｜ 检索窗口 PubMed edat 2026/10/28–2026/10/31 ｜ 情报发生日期 2026-10-31

研究问题

Instead, cells continuously integrate physical and chemical information received from their environ- ment and dynamically adjust their priorities in response to chang- ing conditions, i.e. decide whether available resources should be invested in growth and proliferation, redirected towards mainte- nance and repair, or allocated to communication with neighboring cells, tissues and even other organisms.；They ultimately determine whether cells and the organ- isms built of these cells would be able to successfully cope with environmental challenges or give in to dysfunction and disease.；While being intentionally limited in scope, the main objective of this review is to familiarize the reader with the potential value of EV-focused studies in aquatic ecotoxicology and chemical ecology, and offer perspectives for how this could help advance both the fundamental understanding and the practi- cal

方法

Recent advances in targeted phosphoproteomics using LC-MS/MS assays provide a promising alternative.­[56] Using this approach, we developed an antibody-independent workflow capable of simultaneously quantifying both protein abundance and phosphorylation levels of multiple components of the zebrafish mTOR pathway in cultured cells.­[55] This study demonstrated the feasibility of using mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics to resolve the mTOR pathway activity in a non-mammalian vertebrate without relying on phospho-specific antibodies.；Similar targeted assays could be established for additional environmentally relevant species for which suitable immunological reagents are unavailable, thus providing promising new tools for comparative physiology, mechanistic toxicology, and environmental monitoring.

核心结论

Introduction Organisms develop in chemically complex environments and have evolved to respond not only to their endogenous metabo- lites but also to exogenously encountered molecules as signals that regulate both their internal functioning and interactions with other organisms, such as mating behaviors or defence responses.；The scientific field that investigates how living organisms inter- act with their environment and with each other through chemical substances is called chemical ecology.­[1] Initially, it focused on natural compounds and sought to understand how they function as signals, cues, attractants, repellents, or toxins between different organisms, including interactions within same-species kin (e.g. schooling fish) as well as between contrasting but mutually de- pendent organism groups, such as plants and herbivores, predators and pray, or hosts and parasites.­[2] Following the realization that human activities have pro- foundly altered environmental chemical profiles, the field is now expanding to study the contributions of synthetic compounds as well. ‖ 结论：Conclusions This review shows that toxic chemical contaminants in the aquatic environment do not simply act as external stressors that disrupt cellular homeostasis.

局限

The overall outcome is a cellular and organismal state optimized for growth and biomass accumulation (Fig. 1, green panel).­[16] Conversely, when nutrients become limiting or cells experi- ence stress, mTOR becomes inhibited.­[17] This leads to activation of autophagy, which is a highly conserved lysosome-dependent cells and organisms, potentially across whole communities and ecosystems.­[9] So far, the interrelationships between the mTOR signaling and EVs under conditions of chemical stress, and potential interfer- ence with ecological communication, have received relatively little attention within ecotoxicology and chemical ecology.；Autophagy represents an adaptive survival mechanism that

对本项目的价值

★☆☆☆☆ 营养感知与自噬轴决定「干预窗口 + 剂量方案」，是组合疗法的时间锚。

全文来源

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原文题录

• 英文标题：mTOR and Extracellular Vesicles: Linking Chemical Stress to Ecological Communication.
• 期刊与标识：Chimia (Aarau) · PMID 42949514 · DOI 10.2533/chimia.2026.685