数据日期 2026-10-29 · 生成时间 2026-10-29 06:03
研究问题
The term “reserve” refers to an individual’s capacity to sustain a particular function in the presence of damage or disease [1].
方法
Eligibility Criteria and Study Sele] The studies included in the review had to meet the following criteria: (1) the study population was required to comprise healthy individuals aged 18 years or older; (2) the variables under consideration were required to relate to cognitive, physical, and social activities undertaken during leisure time, and therefore could not be activities carried out for or during work; (3) the studies were required to include cognitive and/or emotional outcomes associated with cognitive, social, or physical leisure activities, with any neurophysiological or neurobiological effects considered as secondary outcomes.；The following criteria were applied to the exclusion of studies: (1) reviews or meta-analyses; (2) conference proceedings; (3) animal studies.；Data Extraction] Findings were extracted narratively within each of the three activity domains (cognitive, social, and physical), considering study design, typology, frequency, and duration of the intervention, age of the subjects, sex distribution, and outcome types.
核心结论
Of these, 36% (9/25) were observational studies (incorporating both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs), while the remaining 64% were experimental (including randomized controlled trials and non-randomized studies).；76% (22 out of 29) were observational studies (including cross-sectional and longitudinal design). ‖ 结论：We sustain that the reward properties of leisure activities may differ based on the individual preference and identifying the preferred activities may sustain their engagement over time increasing the beneficial effect on cognition and on the “holistic” well-being.
局限
As for the cognitive activities, although these studies did not resolve the reverse causation issue, globally the findings support the importance of socialization in boosting cognitive functioning and psychological well-being.；This choice, however, means that the selection of studies was not conducted in accordance with rigorously standardised criteria, which may have introduced a degree of selection bias.；This methodological approach facilitated a comprehensive perspective and ensured ecological validity; however, it inevitably introduced heterogeneity into the study designs and the methods of defining and measuring outcomes.
对本项目的价值
★★★☆☆ 脑老化是最大未满足需求，也是终点最难量化的领域；biomarker 与认知读数选择最敏感。设计 前瞻队列、横断面。
全文来源
PMC JATS 全文（正文 110,632 字符，已过标题/DOI 逐字归属校验）
原文题录
- 英文标题：Leisure Activities: A Narrative Review of Established Evidence and New Perspectives on the Cognitive Reserve Framework in Healthy Populations Across the Adult Lifespan.
- 期刊与标识：Brain Sci · PMID 42939284 · DOI 10.3390/brainsci16101031**
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