时间标签：数据日期 2026-10-31 · 生成时间 2026-11-01 05:30（Asia/Shanghai）｜ 检索窗口 PubMed edat 2026/10/28–2026/10/31 ｜ 情报发生日期 2026-10-31
研究问题
Upper gastrointestinal (GI) diseases—including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer disease (PUD), gastritis and duodenitis (GD), stomach cancer, and esophageal cancer—have imposed significant health and economic burdens ().；Non-malignant conditions like GERD and PUD reduce quality of life through chronic symptoms and increase healthcare expenditures and productivity losses (); while stomach and esophageal cancers are leading causes of cancer-related death globally, especially in East Asia and low-income areas, with substantial economic burdens arising from treatment costs and premature mortality ().
方法
Disease definitions followed the GBD 2021 cause hierarchy and corresponding ICD classifications.；As shown in , we conducted a comprehensive descriptive analysis of four key indicators—age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), incidence rate (ASIR), DALY rate (ASDALY), and mortality rate (ASMR)—across spatial, temporal, and demographic dimensions.；Age-period-cohort analysis was further performed using age-specific disease rates from 1990 to 2021 to evaluate the independent effects of age, calendar period, and birth cohort ().；The median age group and median period group were used as the reference age and reference period, respectively, and period and cohort effects were expressed as rate ratios (RRs) relative to the corresponding reference groups.
核心结论
Across diseases, burden generally increased with age, although the age at peak burden differed, occurring earlier for GD and later for PUD and upper GI cancers.；Socioeconomic patterns also differed substantially: GERD burden remained concentrated in lower SDI regions; PUD showed contrasting changes in inequality, with disparities in ASMR and ASDALY narrowing but those in ASIR and ASPR widening; stomach cancer showed a shift from higher- to lower-SDI regions; whereas inequalities in GD and esophageal cancer became more pronounced over time.；GD showed a complex pattern: epidemiological changes reduced the absolute disease burden (−210%), whereas the increases attributable to population growth (+200.6%) and aging (+109.5%) outweighed the improvements (; ). ‖ 结论：Continued access to Hp eradication and PPI therapy should therefore be prioritized, together with strengthened prevention and management of ulcer-related complications, particularly among older men and in lower SDI regions.
局限
Nevertheless, several limitations should be acknowledged.；Therefore, they should be interpreted as exploratory estimates rather than precise forecasts of future disease burden.
对本项目的价值
★☆☆☆☆ 相关范围内，作为背景与横向对照收录。
全文来源
PMC JATS 全文（正文 28,311 字符，已过标题/DOI 逐字归属校验）
原文题录
- 英文标题：Global burden, trends, and projections of five major upper gastrointestinal diseases, 1990-2046: an analysis of GBD 2021.
- 期刊与标识：Front Public Health · PMID 42959320 · DOI 10.3389/fpubh.2026.1898446
A 级证据分级：A 级（同行评议人体研究）
本文属人体研究证据，但需注意：观察性或小样本干预的结论不等于已证实临床获益；效应量与长期安全性仍需更大规模、更长随访的试验验证。
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