时间标签：数据日期 2026-10-31 · 生成时间 2026-11-01 05:30（Asia/Shanghai）｜ 检索窗口 PubMed edat 2026/10/28–2026/10/31 ｜ 情报发生日期 2026-10-31
研究问题
However, these norms are yet to be widely validated or adopted, and it remains unclear whether their application improves or compromises diagnostic accuracy in other cohorts [].；Similarly, Huque et al. confirmed that although the global prevalence of AD is higher in women than in men, evidence for sex differences in incidence remains inconclusive as they reported sex differences only among individuals aged 90 years or older [], which may reflect a survivor effect.；The factors underlying sex differences in cognitive performance, decline and dementia risk remain unclear.
方法
Whitehall II is an ongoing prospective cohort study, established in 1985, of civil servants (men and women) aged 35–55 years working in London‐based offices [] from 20 departments.；The cohort consisted of 10,308 participants, including 3413 women and 6895 men.；The screening visits were conducted at a clinic and included a clinical examination and a detailed questionnaire on their health behaviours, socioeconomic status (SES), work environment and psychosocial factors [].；Individuals in certain job grades that were too low to allow meaningful comparisons, as well as those in active service or who had only recently joined the civil service, were excluded in the original Whitehall II study design [].
核心结论
Compared with women, men were more likely to be better educated and hold an undergraduate/postgraduate degree (p < 0.0001).；Men also reported higher annual household incomes (≥£60,000: 14% vs. 9.6%), were more likely to be married/cohabiting (81.7%) and employed in higher occupational positions including professional/executive (46.3%) roles while women were more likely to be employed in clerical/supportive roles (32%).；Women had higher BMI (p = 0.002), were more likely to have CVD (17.1%), sleep ≤ 6 h a night (42.6%) and have cancer (5%), depression, (13.8%) and anxiety (12.8%). ‖ 结论：Importantly, cohort effects were observed without differences in dementia incidence, suggesting that these findings reflect variation in cognitive ageing trajectories rather than disease risk.
局限
Interestingly, adjustment for baseline covariates strengthened the female advantage in memory and attenuated the initial male advantage observed in semantic fluency, suggesting negative confounding by sociodemographic factors.；Furthermore, cognitive reserve theory has been proposed as a potential explanation for sex differences in cognition and cognitive decline [–]; however, given that women in this sample had lower levels of education and occupational attainment, this mechanism may not fully account for the observed differences.；Future studies could examine age at onset of clinically significant cognitive change or changes in cognitive slope to determine whether sex differences vary accord
对本项目的价值
★☆☆☆☆ 脑老化是最大未满足需求，也是终点最难量化的领域；biomarker 与认知读数选择最敏感。队列：Whitehall；设计 cross-sectional。
全文来源
PMC JATS 全文（正文 45,525 字符，已过标题/DOI 逐字归属校验）
原文题录
- 英文标题：Sex Differences in Domain-Specific Cognitive Trajectories and Dementia Risk: Evidence From the Whitehall II Cohort.
- 期刊与标识：J Aging Res · PMID 42959399 · DOI 10.1155/jare/1953393
A 级证据分级：A 级（同行评议人体研究）
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