时间标签：数据日期 2026-10-31 · 生成时间 2026-11-01 05:30（Asia/Shanghai）｜ 检索窗口 PubMed edat 2026/10/28–2026/10/31 ｜ 情报发生日期 2026-10-31
研究问题
With the accelerating global population aging, cognitive decline has emerged as a major public health challenge.；Reuben concluded that there remains insufficient evidence from randomized clinical trials to definitively confirm that any intervention can prevent dementia or cognitive decline ().；Taken together, whether physical activity can effectively improve global cognitive function and thereby help prevent cognitive decline in cognitively healthy older women remains to be comprehensively established.
方法
The eligibility criteria for this systematic review and meta-analysis were established across four domains: study design, participant characteristics, interventions, and outcome measures.；Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included.；Cohort studies, case–control studies, cross-sectional studies, and non-randomized experimental studies were excluded.；Studies were excluded if the original trial reported that participants had systemic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, malignant tumors, severe hepatic or renal dysfunction, or psychiatric or neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease or clinically diagnosed depression.
核心结论
Methodological quality of the 10 included randomized controlled trials was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool version 2.0 (RoB 2.0).；Overall, two studies (20%) were judged to be at low risk of bias, whereas eight studies (80%) were judged to be at high overall risk of bias.；These findings indicate substantial methodological limitations across the included evidence base, particularly in the randomization process, deviations from intended interventions, and measurement of outcomes. ‖ 结论：Further well-designed randomized controlled trials with rigorous methodology, larger sample sizes, standardized outcome measures, and longer follow-up periods are needed to confirm these findings.
局限
The risk-of-bias assessment revealed substantial methodological limitations in the included evidence base, with eight of ten trials judged to be at high overall risk of bias.；Blinding of participants and intervention personnel is often impractical in exercise trials; however, lack of blinding alone does not automatically constitute a high risk of bias under RoB 2.；These limitations reduce confidence in the pooled estimates and may have influenced the magnitude and precision of the observed effects.
对本项目的价值
★★☆☆☆ 脑老化是最大未满足需求，也是终点最难量化的领域；biomarker 与认知读数选择最敏感。设计 meta-analysis、randomized controlled trial、systematic review。
全文来源
PMC JATS 全文（正文 41,739 字符，已过标题/DOI 逐字归属校验）
原文题录
- 英文标题：Effects of physical activity on cognitive function in healthy older women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- 期刊与标识：Front Aging Neurosci · PMID 42959105 · DOI 10.3389/fnagi.2026.1928056
C 级证据分级：C 级（预印本 / 观点评论，非原始研究）
本文属观点/评论类文献，不是原始研究。其论点依赖于作者对既有证据的梳理与判断，不构成新的实验证据。本站标注 C 级即为此意——阅读时请把它当作「领域内的思考框架」，而非「研究发现」。
关于本文的文献来源：本站依据 IMA 知识库「五刊监控·深度文献卡片」撰写，依据已获取的期刊全文（方法、样本量与结论已回到原文核对）；未能获取全文的同批条目另行标注「摘要级」，全程未做任何数值推算补全。