时间标签：数据日期 2026-10-31 · 生成时间 2026-11-01 05:30（Asia/Shanghai）｜ 检索窗口 PubMed edat 2026/10/28–2026/10/31 ｜ 情报发生日期 2026-10-31
研究问题
In many cognitive aging cohorts, biomarker data are unavailable, making it difficult to determine whether observed longitudinal changes may be partly attributable to early preclinical Alzheimer disease pathology [].；As a result, it remains unclear whether age-related cognitive decline can be reliably detected over short timescales in cognitively unimpaired older adults and to what extent distinct cognitive processes—such as speed and stability of performance, as well as learning and retention—are differentially affected by age.；Recent advances in digital cognitive assessment [,] provide a promising avenue for addressing these challenges.
方法
Participants were recruited from 3 Mass General Brigham observational cohort studies: the Harvard Aging Brain Study (2P01AG036694-11; principal investigators: RAS and KAJ), the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living study (R01AG053184 and R01AG067021; principal investigator: GAM), and the Subjective Cognitive Decline study (R01AG058825-01A; principal investigator: REA).；Participants were community dwelling and required to remain cognitively unimpaired throughout the study period.；Only participants who met these criteria at every available clinical assessment during follow-up were included.；Exclusion criteria included a primary psychiatric diagnosis, unstable medical conditions, severe head trauma, and a recent history of alcohol or substance abuse.
核心结论
Response times initially decreased substantially from the first to the second testing interval (mean 2.63, SD 0.65 seconds in the first; mean 2.47, SD 0.61 seconds in the second) before reaching a plateau in subsequent intervals (mean 2.46, SD 0.56 seconds in the third; mean 2.46, SD 0.50 seconds in the fourth).；At the beginning of a new testing interval, performance was substantially slower, as captured in the forgetting parameter: participants started, on average, 1.05 (SD 0.44) seconds slower compared to the end of the previous testing interval.；Chronological age was associated with multiple cognitive markers. ‖ 结论：These findings demonstrate the potential of intensive digital assessment and computational modeling to characterize cognitive aging and support the further evaluation of process-based cognitive markers as sensitive outcomes in prevention and intervention research.
局限
Together, these findings strengthen the interpretation that the observed cognitive changes are related to aging rather than primarily attributable to preclinical Alzheimer disease, although contributions from other pathologies cannot be excluded.；In particular, our findings are consistent with the processing speed theory of cognitive aging, which posits generalized slowing as a primary mechanism of cognitive decline [,].；Several limitations should be acknowledged.
对本项目的价值
★☆☆☆☆ 脑老化是最大未满足需求，也是终点最难量化的领域；biomarker 与认知读数选择最敏感。
全文来源
PMC JATS 全文（正文 28,636 字符，已过标题/DOI 逐字归属校验）
原文题录
- 英文标题：Detection of Age-Related Cognitive Decline Over Short Time Frames Using Digital Multiday Learning Assessments: Longitudinal Study.
- 期刊与标识：JMIR Aging · PMID 42954140 · DOI 10.2196/100917
A 级证据分级：A 级（同行评议人体研究）
本文属人体研究证据，但需注意：观察性或小样本干预的结论不等于已证实临床获益；效应量与长期安全性仍需更大规模、更长随访的试验验证。
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